1
2 
  -2023
..  
 ()
:      : 50
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.    
  ?
2.        
-
3.          ,
4.        ?
-
     
6.       
2
2 
-
1.         
8.         
3
2 
 -2023
..  
 ()
:      : 50
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.    
  ?
:-
     
                 
        -   ,     , "
 
 ?    
,            "
   "         
,      ?"
  
   , "  ..."
   ?
'  '         :
-  " "  " "
-  ""  ""
,       "  "
      ,    ()      

  ,       
      
,         ,   
    
4
2 
  
                 ( )
                
  
 ,            
  ,  ,        ,      ,
     
  
     ,          :
1.   (
):
o       
        '  
  
o :   ,      ,    
2.   ( ):
o        ,      
   
o        
  
o                
,    ,  
       -     ( 
   ),        -   
   
     
    ,       ,    
 
    :
1.  :
o           
o   ,       ,     
   

        
5
2 
2.  :
o     
;  (  ) 
o              
3.    :
o     (  -  -)     
 
o  ,        
4.    :
o    ,         
 
o   
            
    
     -   '  :
 ():     
,        
                
 
  :       ,    
 ,        
 ,    
 
   :  -    
    
          
    
     '  :
  ( )
  ( )
  
 
     
      
     
  
   
6
2 
  ( )
  ( )
   
    '  
     
  ?
  , "   
  ?" ,     
  
 -     
 ,     
,      
      ,     
     
 ,          

, ,          ,   
,      
 

          
     
 ,       -        
    
           

   
          , 
        -       ,  
  
 
                
           -      , 
    
2.        
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹   -:   
 
  
               
,
,                 
   - 
7
2 
     ,          
 
  
   
 ,     (   )    

 
󷘖   ?
' '     ' '   ,           
     
 ,         

   :
1. ( - )
2.  ( - )
3.  ( - )
4.  ( - )
5.  ( - )
6. ( - )
7.  ( - )
           - , , , , , ,  -   
 
 
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂    
         '         
   :
  , ,      
   ,     
      
    
     
    
    ,      
8
2 
 ,            ',     

 ,        
 
󷘺󷘻󷘼   :   
         ,        
  
     ,        :
  ( ):, , , , , ,       
  ( ):       ,   
(  )   ()    
  :
 () : , , ,         
 () :       
      (  )   

󼳊󼳋󼳌󼳒󼳍󼳓󼳎󼳏󼳔󼳐󼳑    
   
      ,         ,  
      :
1.   ( )
      
          
              -    
          
2.   ( )
         
          ,   
       
        
3.   ( )
     
9
2 
 ,    ,    
      ,  ,        
             
         - , , , , , ,  -     

󷘗󷘘󷘙     
  :
            ( , 𝆩Sa)
           ( , )
            ( , Sȧ)
                 
  
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨  
 ?
              :
      
    
     

       -        

      ,          


󼖻󼖼󼖽󼖾󼖿󼗀󼗁󼗍󼗎󼗂󼗃󼗄󼗅󼗆󼗇󼗈󼗉󼗊󼗋󼗌         
  ,     
;        
   ,   ,           
   '        
  ,  
  ,       
10
2 
 :
         
         
       ,     
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍 
 ,                 
,        
        
  ',      '        
 
            
    , 
         
, 
             ,  
   , 
       
-
3.          ,
:     :      
400           ,        
,        ,      
                 
   , 
  ,           , 
         
       
-     ,    
          (  )     
      ,           
      
              
   
     ,      ,     

11
2 
󷅶󷅱󷅺󷅷󷅸󷅹 1.    
             ""    
  
                
      '        ,     
   ,  ,        
 (): , 
  : 
 :            
       () , ,  ,      
 
            ,     

     
󷈓󷈔󷈑󷈕󷈒 2.    
        ,     ,    '
                 
    '       
    
       
 ():,  ,  
  :         
 :            
             
  
 
       ,    
       
    
󷇧󷇨󷇩 3.   
""     ,  ""           
               -
       
  , ,       ,      
 '                  
           
12
2 
 ():, , 
  : 
 :,     ,      ,  
  
 
            ,     
          
󹸕󹸖󹸗󹸘󹸙󹸚󹸛󹸜󹸝 4.    
    '              
      ,   , ,       
  
 ():,  , 
  : 
 :            
 ,         
󷅰󷅱󷅵󷅲󷅳󷅴 5.  
     ,             
       ,          
               

 
 (): - , , 
  :  
 :,        ,    ,   
   
󷘺󷘻󷘼      
?
        
 -        
 ,             ;    
        
13
2 
                
            
  ,        
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂      
      "" ( )       
  ,         ,       
     ,       , ,    
 
                  ,
                
󷖤󷖢󷖣 
       -   ,   ,   
                
  ,               
    ,          
  
     ,  
    
  -  
  ,   
               
            
4.        ?
:   ?
                  
     ,    ,          ,
            (   ) ' 
 ,          - ,   
  ""      ( ),  '    '   ,
 ""          
 
    '         ,     () 
        , ,         
14
2 
    ?
1.    ()     :
                
              
      
 
2.      :
 , ,         ,  -
          
     ?
      
      
 :
:            
:            
  -:   ,       
          -   
 
 :         
     
 
 ?
 :         ,  
      
 :      
 ,    
  '  ,     
 :        - -  
     
     ( ):
"



,




'



,


 




,







,



,







"
     ,      
 
15
2 

   ,         ,   ,   
                
              
 ,           
        -    
   
      ,       - 
   !            
-
5.      
:  :      
 
  
        ,   ,    
                 
        ,    
    
 ,            , 
     
 
      
1.      
                 
        ,      ""      
    ,       
 ,     
     
   ,              ,  
           ,     
  ,              
  
16
2 
2.    ()
:
 (  ): -  (        7 
   )
     (  )        () 
 ()  
,       
 
3.    (  )
 ():      
 ( ):      
 
  ,              , 
        
 ,      
4.    (   )
 (   ):
 (    ):
   -   -            
       ,         
 
5.   
          '  7   10     
                 
 
           ,    

6.   
   ( )  ,  ,     
  
        
 ,      
  
 
    ,           
     
17
2 
7.   
     ,          
    :
       ,       
  ()   ()      
     ,         
    
       ,    ,   
     
8.   
  ,         :
 (   )

   
     
              '  
9.    
           (  )    "  
    "      CDEFGABC        
                    
 
10.    
        ,  :
 
 
 
18
2 
            -       
       -         

       
 -  ,     
      ,      
  -
   
          ,   
              
 
           
     
    ,   ,        
    
           ,    
  -              
6.       
:    (  )  -
        ,       

    , ''             -  
         '  ,      ()
       
,          '    
     
 
   
     ,   -  ( ) :
 (1x )   
 (2x )   
 (3  )    
 (4  )   
    :   40 / ,   80 / ,
             
19
2 
  
    ,       ,   , ,  
      
 :
   ():6
 ():3   2   
 ( ):
   |   
     ,   ,       ' 
()   ()      
     ?
  
            -   
 
    
  
 
  , 6  ,   ,
  6      
        :
 (1) |  (2) |  (3) |  (4) |  (5) |  (6)
           
  -    
:
   
6  -    :
, , , , ,  -   
        
        
                  
     ?
   
   -
          
 ,      
 ,
    
 ,  6  ,
12  
 
 ,       :
  |   |   |   |   |  
20
2 
(      ;  -   )

         ,      
      
        ,

    ,     
:
   
6     ,   ,     - :

-

,

-

,

-

,

-

,

-

,

-

-   
    6      , 
          
    
 ?
             
 :
  ,          
   ,           
   
         ,         
        - , ,       
       
 
         ( )    

:
                
,            
 -    ,
      
    
       :


  

  1 
6   6 

  2 
6   12 
          ,    
 
                  
21
2 
      '       , 

     
-
7.         
:       
    (1469-1485)
                  15 , 1469
    (  ,      )   
                 , 
,              
    ,            
  ,            
               
      
 :
   
     ,    ,    ()  
 ,               
   ,        :
" ,  ,         ! 
    ,    "
                
 '    
     
     ,  ,          ,  
,               
          ,       
          
22
2 
    (1485-1496)
-        ,   -   
                    
   ,               
      ,        

  
18     ( 1487),           
    :
  ( 1494)
  ( 1496)
   ,         
  
              
    ,           
  (1496)
               27  
 ,               
  ,     ,         
    ,       :
"  
,    
,       ' ?      '
"
                  
  
     (1500-1539)
   ,            
 ( )          20  
  (1500-1506)
:  
  : ,  , 
 :
o      
23
2 
o    
o    -
  (1506-1513)
:  
  :, , 
 :
o      
o   
o  ()  
  (1514-1518)
:  
  : , , 
 :
o      -
o     
o     
  (1519-1521)
:    
  :, ,  
 :
o            
o       -
o      
   
                  
        :
1.   
 , ,       
24
2 
       
     ' 
2.     
   
    
,      '   
3.   
  (     )
  ( )
  (   )
4.  
    
  ' 
      
5.  
      
   
   
   
 ( )
         ,       ,
               
   
 ( )
         '        
      ,             
  
25
2 
  
          ,     
    '  
   
  
 ,                
                   
            ,      
        
  
    
                 
                
         
  
         ,      ,  
 
            
    (1539)
  
   ,     (   )  , 
             ,  
     
        
   
    
   
    
   
   
  
   ,        (       )
   ,       
26
2 
               
 
 
   ,       '        ' 

 , 
           
     
  
 
     ,         
              
         
 
       
      
            
 
     974    
    
 
    
  
 
            
              
          

               
     ,     
  , 
      ,          
  ,          '  
      :     ,     ,  
       
,          
27
2 
       ,       - ,
       
      ,         , 
        
         
     ,            '  
  
8.         
:      
-
                  
               , 
 '  (             )  
   
:  
 
""     ""  ""    ,    
  ,       ""         
             
 
 1 ()      
 
 2 ()      
 
 3 ()     
 
 4 ()       
 5 ()      
 
 9 ()        
   
1.   
28
2 
o            
o        
o             

2.  
o -     -    
o       
o          
3.  
o       
o         
o       
    
 
           ,      
         ,       
   
    (   ) 

  
   ,   '   ,    
       :
        
    ,   
      
 
1.  
o            
o       -   
o       
2.   
29
2 
o       
o        
o      ()    
3.  
o     -    
o         
o          
  
1.    
o     
o    

o         
2.   
o  
o  
o  
o          
    
1.  
o   ' 
o     
o     
2.   
o    
o    
o     
3.  
o    
30
2 
o      
o     '   
   ' 
 
1.  
o            

o         
o         
2.  -
o           
o         
o       
 
1.  
o       
o  
      
o     
2.  
o        
 
o  
-    
o        
  
 
1.    
o            
o     
o    
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2 
2.  
o   '     
o     
o        
  
1. 
o    
o  -    
o   
2.  
o       
o 
      
o     
   
 
1.    
o     
 
o         
o       
2.  
o     
 
o        
o    
 
 
1.   
o      
o     
o     
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2 
2.   
o        
o        
o      

                
    
          
   ,            
 
  ,               
       :
    
  
  
 
"               

       ,         "